Dr. Stockwell Podcast

HOST: Dianna Klein

Why did you choose to specialize in endocrinology?

Endocrinology has always fascinated me. I like the challenging nature of how different glands in the body work and how they connect to the brain. Managing endocrine issues such as diabetes, menopause, and osteoporosis can be very complex. My major passion in endocrinology is diabetes management, which has always been an area of interest for me.

Give us a basic overview of the endocrine system and its role in our bodies.

The endocrine system is composed of various glands in the body. These glands produce hormones, which are essential for survival. Hormones control key functions such as metabolism, mood, sleep, fertility, sexual function, digestion, and stress. When there is an excess or deficiency of hormones due to gland dysfunction, it can lead to disorders like thyroid diseases, diabetes, adrenal disorders, pituitary problems, and osteoporosis.

How does our endocrine system change with age?

As we age, most hormone levels decrease, but some remain at younger levels or even increase. When hormone levels decline, receptors become less sensitive, leading to reduced endocrine function.

A common question is whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) reverses aging. Generally, HRT is a medical approach to replacing hormones due to gland malfunction. However, it does not stop or reverse aging.

For instance, perimenopausal women experience a significant shift in hormones. Many people also use growth hormone gel for anti-aging, but unnecessary hormone use can have side effects, such as stimulating tumor growth.

Menopause and Endocrine Health

What are the changes that occur around menopause?

Menopause typically occurs between ages 46-51, though it can happen earlier or later. Perimenopausal women often experience irregular periods before menstruation stops completely. Symptoms can last 4-5 years, but some may go through menopause in just a year or two.

A new test measuring anti-Müllerian hormone may help predict menopause more precisely in women between 40-50 years old.

What should we worry about regarding menopause?

Menopause brings mood swings and hot flashes, but it also increases heart disease risk as estrogen levels decline. Additionally, bone density decreases, leading to osteoporosis risk. Weight gain during menopause can further increase the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

What are signs that something is wrong with our endocrine system?

Endocrine disorders vary but common symptoms include:

• Fatigue
• Weakness
• Unexplained weight gain or loss
• Irregular or absent periods
• Unexpected lactation (not related to pregnancy)

Maintaining Endocrine Health

What can women do to keep their endocrine system healthy?

• Regular checkups and screenings for cancer, osteoporosis, and vitamin deficiencies
• Balanced diet and physical activity
• Calcium and vitamin D intake for postmenopausal women

Should women take supplements?

Women should consult a doctor before taking any pill-form supplements, as some may have harmful effects on the liver, kidneys, or thyroid.

Diabetes Awareness & Kisat Diabetes Organization

Tell us about your nonprofit, Kisat Diabetes Organization.

Kisat Diabetes Organization was founded to raise awareness and prevent diabetes complications through early screening and education. I started this organization in memory of my father, who passed away due to diabetes-related complications.

Is diabetes genetic?

While diabetes has a genetic component, lifestyle changes can prevent or delay it, even in those with a family history. Diabetes education is crucial for effective management.

Tell us about your book.

My book is a comprehensive guide to diabetes management, covering:

• Disease understanding
• Diet and medications
• Doctor visits
• Supplements

Even if you don’t have diabetes, learning about it can be beneficial—especially if you are at risk.

What medical advice would you give to family and friends?

• Get regular checkups (mammograms, Pap smears, colonoscopies, physical exams)
• Eat healthy and exercise regularly
• Avoid smoking and illicit drugs
• Manage stress, especially in women, as they often juggle multiple roles

Hot Flashes & Hormonal Imbalance

How long do hot flashes last?

About two-thirds of women experience hot flashes lasting 7 years on average (some as short as 2 years). Certain triggers such as caffeine, alcohol, spicy foods, stress, and tight clothing can make them worse.

Can hot flashes be prevented?

• Plant-based estrogens (soy products, tofu, edamame) may help
• Low-dose hormone replacement therapy can be used if symptoms are severe
• SSRIs (antidepressants) may provide relief
• Natural remedies (lavender oil, primrose, pomegranate, flaxseed) can help reduce stress and hot flashes